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Record W1606388774 · doi:10.32920/29156090.v1

Nonhiring and Dismissal of Senior Workers: Is It All About the Money?

2025· article· en· W1606388774 on OpenAlexaffabout
Pnina Alon-Shenker

Bibliographic record

Venuenot available
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldHealth Professions
TopicEmployment and Welfare Studies
Canadian institutionsToronto Metropolitan University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsDismissalLabour economicsBusinessEconomicsPolitical scienceLaw

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Recent studies have shown that while most employers value the experience and expertise of senior workers, many employers are unlikely to hire or retain them. It seems that cost considerations are central to their decision-making. Many employers believe that senior workers are more expensive than their younger counterparts. Facing financial difficulties and pressures to maintain market competitiveness and profitability, employers may elect to dismiss or to not hire senior workers to maximize cost savings. This paper examines whether nonhiring or dismissal of a senior worker due to cost considerations amounts to age discrimination, and if so, whether this age discrimination is justified. It first critiques the current analyses of cost considerations in age discrimination cases in the U.S., the U.K. and Canada. Unpacking the costs associated with senior workers, the paper then argues that a decision to dismiss or not to hire senior workers due to cost considerations might be motivated by inaccurate generalization and ageist stereotypes or might result in a disproportionate impact on senior workers. Furthermore, determining whether senior workers are more expensive is a complex task which requires a careful individualized assessment. Next, the paper illustrates how a ready acceptance of cost considerations in age discrimination cases significantly undermines the fundamental purposes of anti-age discrimination law. Advancing a proportionality analysis, the paper then outlines the limited circumstances in which cost considerations should be allowed. Finally, it advocates a process of procedural fairness prior to any decision to dismiss or not to hire senior workers due to cost considerations. While the paper focuses on Canadian law, its findings are of great importance to other jurisdictions.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.006
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.017
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.037
Threshold uncertainty score0.074

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0060.017
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.000
Science and technology studies0.0070.009
Scholarly communication0.0060.003
Open science0.0010.003
Research integrity0.0060.005
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0040.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.069
GPT teacher head0.438
Teacher spread0.369 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2025
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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