A SURVEY OF PARENTAL BARRIERS TO USING PAIN-REDUCTION STRATEGIES DURING CHILDHOOD VACCINATIONS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: Childhood immunizations represent the most significant source of iatrogenic pain in otherwise healthy children. Consequently, children make correlations between the doctor’s office and the anticipated pain from immunizations and these have long-term consequences such as procedural anxiety, needle phobias, and non-compliance with immunization schedules. Clinical guidelines exist for reducing pain during childhood immunizations. Our study analyzed the use of pain reduction strategies and assessed the barriers that parents face in a family practice setting. Methods: We surveyed parents at academic family practice units at St. Michael’s Hospital. A survey was developed based on a literature search and utilizing current pain reduction guidelines. Results: 62 surveys were recorded and most parents were moderately concerned about their child’s pain. A minority of parents had experience with any of the strategies and the major barriers related to a lack of knowledge and perceptions that pain is a normal part of the immunization experience. Conclusions: We report multiple barriers that parents face when utilizing pain reduction strategies during immunizations. While knowledge, perceptions about pain, and time represent major barriers, healthcare providers should take responsibility in playing an active role in advocating for children while working together with parents.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.018 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".