CD40-targeted nucleoprotein provides enhanced immune response and protection against influenza virus (VAC2P.927)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Influenza nucleoprotein is a highly conserved antigen and a candidate universal vaccine against flu. However, NP-based vaccines can only afford weak protective immunity compared to HA. Using CD40 ligand (CD40L), a key regulator of the immune system, as both a targeting ligand and a molecular adjuvant, we show that single immunization with recombinant adenovirus carrying a fused gene encoding for secreted NP-CD40L fusion protein provided robust and long-lasting protection against influenza in normal mice. It enhanced B cell responses by inducing early and persistent B cell germinal center formation, accelerated immunoglobulin isotype-switching and TH1-skewed NP-specific immune response. Moreover, it significantly boosted primary and secondary NP-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity and multiple cytokine producing-CD8+ T cells. Transfer of sera or CD8+ T cells from immunized to naïve mice showed that targeting NP to CD40-expressing cells augmented the role of both NP-specific antibodies and CTLs in protection compared to untargeted NP. Importantly, it afforded effective protection in CD40L and CD4 deficient mice, confirming that the induced protection is CD40L-mediated and CD4+ T cell-independent.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".