Observation of the 2009 Samoa tsunami by the NEPTUNE-Canada cabled observatory: Test data for an operational regional tsunami forecast model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
[1] As part of the NEPTUNE-Canada cabled seafloor observatory, an array of six high-precision bottom pressure recorders was installed in the late summer of 2009 at depths from 100 to 2600 m seaward of the southwest coast of Vancouver Island in the northeast Pacific. The instruments transmit 1-sec bottom pressure data at roughly 0.1 mm equivalent sea level height to the Data Management and Archiving System (DMAS) at the University of Victoria. On September 30, 2009, the array recorded waves of 2.5 to 6 cm amplitude associated with the transoceanic tsunami generated by the Mw = 8.1 Samoa earthquake in the South Pacific. These open-ocean observations were uncontaminated by coastal effects, demonstrating that NEPTUNE records from future tsunami events can be effectively used as realtime input to a regional numerical tsunami forecast model. We validate this proposition by showing that wave forms simulated by the regional model using the leading train of waves of the 2009 event are in good agreement with observed tsunami records for both the shelf stations and nearby coastal tide gauges. Tsunami waves simulated by this model are also significantly more accurate for local regions than those determined by global-scale tsunami models. This ability to assimilate “pristine” open-ocean data from the cabled observatory into an operational tsunami forecast model makes it possible to provide updated wave information that could help mitigate the impact of future tsunamis approaching the west coast of British Columbia and northern Washington State.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".