From AMIS to UNAMID: The African Union, the United Nations and the challenges of sustainable peace in Darfur, Sudan
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Since, 2003 when hostilities broke out in Darfur region of Western Sudan, the African Union has been leading international community efforts at restoring peace to this trouble region. The organization deployed ceasefire monitoring commission, peacekeeping force and under Nigeria leadership broker peace agreement between the warring parties. From all indications the Darfur Peace Accord [DPA], brokered in Abuja, Nigeria has not resulted into the normalization of the security and political situation in Darfur as was envisaged. The apparent lack of robust capacity by the African Union Mission, AMIS to stabilize the security situation in Darfur reinforces the call for the United Nations to intervention. With a robust mandate, secure resource base and better logistic capabilities, the African Union-United Nations Hybrid Mission in Darfur, UNAMID has been proactive in enhancing the protection of its personnel, bases and equipments and greater capacity in the provision of security for safe delivery of humanitarian assistance and protection of civilians. Much as the deployment of UNAMID mission has brought semblance of security, there continue to exist challenges that are undermining security and militating against the achievement of durable peace in Darfur this paper argued. Key words: African Union; Conflict; Darfur; Peacekeeping; Security Resume Depuis 2003, lorsque les hostilites ont eclate dans la region du Darfour au Soudan occidental, l’Union africaine a dirige les efforts de la communaute internationale a retablir la paix dans cette region trouble. L’organisation a deploye commission de suivi cessez-le-maintien de la paix la force et sous la direction du Nigeria courtier accord de paix entre la guerre parties. de toutes les indications de l’Accord de paix sur le Darfour [DPA], negocie a Abuja, au Nigeria ne s’est pas traduite dans la normalisation de la situation securitaire et politique au Darfour comme cela a ete envisage. le manque apparent de forte capacite par la Mission de l’Union africaine, la MUAS a stabiliser la situation securitaire au Darfour renforce l’appel a l’Organisation des Nations Unies a l’intervention. Avec un mandat robuste, base de ressources en securite et de meilleures capacites logistiques, l’Union africaine- Nations Unies au Darfour, la MINUAD a ete proactif dans le renforcement de la protection de son personnel, des bases et des equipements et une plus grande capacite dans la fourniture de securite pour une livraison sure de l’aide humanitaire et la protection des civils. Tout comme le deploiement de la mission de la MINUAD a apporte un semblant de securite, il continuera d’exister defis qui minent la securite et milite contre la realisation d’une paix durable au Darfour a fait valoir ce document. Mots-cles: Union Africaine; les conflits; au Darfour; maintien de la paix; de securite
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.015 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.011 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".