Re-entrant type relaxor behavior in (1−x)BaTiO3–xBiScO3 solid solution
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The solid solution of (1−x)BaTiO3–xBiScO3 was synthesized by solid state reaction and its dielectric properties were studied by impedance spectroscopy. A dielectric anomaly was found in the temperature ranges of −30–13°C and −60–20°C for 0.95BaTiO3–0.05BiScO3 and 0.90BaTiO3–0.10BiScO3, respectively. The frequency dependence of the anomaly exhibits dielectric relaxation satisfying the Vogel–Fulcher law, indicating relaxorlike behavior. The relaxor state in the (1−x)BaTiO3–xBiScO3 solid solution occurs after the ferroelectric phase transition upon cooling, indicating a re-entering phenomenon. Piezoresponse force microscopic studies show that the domain wall density decreases with the addition of BiScO3. The substitution of BiScO3 also results in some no-phase-contrast areas in the domain structure image, which grow with the increasing BiScO3 amount. Decent piezoelectric hysteresis loops were obtained in these areas. The correlation between the peculiar domain structure and relaxor behavior suggests that the no-phase-contrast areas are characteristics of the domain structure of the re-entering relaxor system.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".