BLUEBERRY SPANWORM, ITAME ARGILLACEARIA (PACKARD) AND BUMBLE BEE, BOMBUS IMPATIENS (CRESSON) SUSCEPTIBILITY TO NEW BIORATIONAL INSECTICIDES
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Biological and cultural control tactics are available for many agricultural pests but insecticides still play an important role in the rapid reduction of pest incidence when damage reaches economic levels. Laboratory and field toxicities of the reduced-risk products spinetoram and flubendiamide to Itame argillacearia (blueberry spanworm) was compared to deltamethrin, a conventional synthetic pyrethroid insecticide. In laboratory experiments, I. argillacearia larvae were highly susceptible to spinetoram and flubendiamide, and efficacy in the field was comparable to that of deltamethrin. Lethal and sublethal effects of the biopesticide formulations of Beauveria bassiana and Bacillus subtilis, and spirotetramat, a new tetramic acid insecticide, to bumble bees, Bombus impatiens, were also assessed. When ingested, field rates of spirotetramat caused high mortality after a week, and B. subtilis significantly reduced drone production. Field rates of spirotetramat, when applied topically, reduced drone production, but drone production varied following topical treatments of either biopesticide.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".