Oral colistin sulfate in pigs: pharmacokinetics and effect on fecal Escherichia coli excretion of weaned pigs challenged with Escherichia coli F4 (K88)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Colistin sulfate (CS), a polymyxin antibiotic, is used in Canada for the treatment of post-weaning diarrhea in pigs as an alternative to neomycin.The aim of the present study was to evaluate some pharmacokinetics parameters of CS and its effect on the evolution of the intestinal Escherichia coli population in pigs challenged with enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC): F4.A total of 14 weaned piglets were divided into two groups, a non-challenged, treated group (n=7) and a challenged, treated group (n=7).Both groups received a single oral dose of CS at 50,000 IU/Kg.Challenge was carried out by oral administration of 10 9 CFU of a hemolytic ETEC: F4 strain resistant to nalidixic acid.Blood samples were taken at 30 min and 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours post treatment from each pig and CS quantification was performed by LC-MS/MS.In the challenged group, severity of diarrhea was monitored and the presence of the ETEC:F4 strain in the feces was enumerated using 5% bovine blood agar plates containing nalidixic acid.In both groups, total E. coli counts were carried out using Petrifilm E. coli/Coliform count plates.In both groups, the plasma concentration of CS was below the lower limit of quantification (20 ng/ml).Following CS treatment, a decrease in the total E. coli and ETEC: F4 fecal counts were observed at 24 h post treatment.The fecal consistency was not affected by CS treatment.For the first time, a study of some CS pharmacokinetics parameters with a highly sensitive method showed that CS levels are not detectable in systemic circulation following oral administration, and concurrent oral challenge with an ETEC strain did not affect CS absorption.A single dose of CS resulted in reduced bacterial counts of the total E. coli and ETEC: F4 populations in the feces.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".