Radiogenic helium in shallow groundwater within a clay till, southwestern Ontario
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Profiles of 4 He in pore water were measured in clay aquitards in SW Ontario. The 4 He distributions are consistent with groundwater velocities that are <6 mm yr −1 , and thus diffusion is the dominant transport mechanism for 4 He. Modeling indicates that the effective diffusion coefficient for 4 He is 6.3 ± 1.6 × 10 −6 cm 2 s −1 . Furthermore, the profiles are consistent with the internal release of 4 He from aquitard sediments at a rate of 0.03–0.13 μcc(STP) kg −1 yr −1 . These rates are also consistent with laboratory release experiments and, on average, are 600 times greater than the production of 4 He from U/Th decay. Modeling and the ratio of 21 Ne to 4 He within the sediments indicate that although the aquitards were deposited about 13 kA BP, the sediments released >70% of initial 4 He for 50 to 60 kA prior to incorporation into the till.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.009 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".