Simultaneous solutions of coupled thermal airflow problem for natural ventilation in buildings
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Natural and hybrid ventilation can be sustainable building ventilation strategies, where airflow is driven naturally by thermal buoyancy and/or wind forces other than pure mechanical means. The simulation and design of these systems need to consider the combined impact of thermal and airflow transport behaviors. The numerical solution of such combined thermal airflow problems often employs a segregate and iterative approach. Either the air temperatures in the thermal problem or the air pressures in the airflow problem are solved separately with the other parameter known from a previous iteration. The newly solved parameters are then substituted successively into the other calculation. For highly coupled thermal airflow problems, the segregate method can cause solution fluctuation or even divergence when relaxation factors are not carefully selected to avoid abrupt changes of air parameters in the successive substitution procedure. This article investigated two nonsegregate methods to solve thermal and airflow problems simultaneously. In the fully simultaneous method, air temperatures and pressures for all rooms of a building are solved simultaneously using a single Jacobian matrix. In the semi-simultaneous method, a Jacobian matrix for the air temperature and pressure of one room is solved when air temperatures and pressures of other rooms are kept as constants. The same procedure is then repeated for each room of a building. In both cases, relaxation factors are not required. The simultaneous solution methods are demonstrated for a two-zone building with thermal buoyancy-driven flows and validated for an experimental study of combined wind and buoyancy forces in a light well. It was shown that the simultaneous solvers provide stable solutions without using any relaxation in both cases. The predicted results also agree reasonably well with the experimental data.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it