Alterations in Exocytosis Induced by Neuronal Ca<sup>2+</sup>Sensor-1 in Bovine Chromaffin Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A variety of Ca2+ binding proteins are known to play an integral role in catecholamine release from synapses as well as secretory cells, such as chromaffin cells. The Drosophila protein frequenin and its mammalian homolog neuronal Ca2+ sensor-1 (NCS-1) belong to a family of Ca2+ sensors with EF hands that bind Ca2+ and then interact with other proteins. Frequenin/NCS-1 has been shown to enhance exocytotic activity in addition to altering Ca2+ channel regulation. To better understand how NCS-1 regulates stimulus-secretion coupling, bovine chromaffin cells were infected with Semliki Forest virus (SFV) vectors containing the rat NCS-1 gene. Cells were studied in the perforated whole-cell patch-clamp configuration. Membrane capacitance was monitored as an indicator of exocytosis-endocytosis. Exocytosis elicited by membrane depolarization was not significantly different between cells infected with SFV expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) or GFP plus NCS-1, except that the overexpression of NCS-1 resulted in a faster rundown in exocytosis. When cells were stimulated with histamine, NCS-1 overexpression led to higher exocytosis, as well as [Ca2+]i elevation. Immunocytochemistry showed a similar distribution of NCS-1 and phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase beta (PI4Kbeta). NCS-1 and PI4Kbeta coimmunoprecipitate, opening up the possibility that the two proteins directly interact. These results suggest that NCS-1 may regulate cellular activity through the modulation of the phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".