Major element variations in Hawaiian shield lavas: Source features and perspectives from global ocean island basalt (OIB) systematics
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Among volcanic hot spots globally, Hawaii has the highest magma flux, yet there is significant controversy surrounding the composition of the mantle sourcing Hawaiian lavas. In order to place constraints on the source lithologies of Hawaiian lavas, we explore relationships between major elements and radiogenic isotopes in tholeiitic, shield‐building lavas. Olivine‐fractionation corrected lava compositions reveal clear trends between radiogenic isotopes and major elements. Individual data points exhibit remarkable trends and there is no need to average the data by volcano. Data form arrays that are anchored by Koolau lava at one end (with high 87 Sr/ 86 Sr, 187 Os/ 188 Os, SiO 2 , and Na 2 O/TiO 2 , and low 143 Nd/ 144 Nd, 206 Pb/ 204 Pb, TiO 2 , CaO and CaO/Al 2 O 3 ) and by Kea and Loihi lavas at the other (with low 87 Sr/ 86 Sr, 187 Os/ 188 Os, SiO 2 , and Na 2 O/TiO 2 , and high 143 Nd/ 144 Nd, 206 Pb/ 204 Pb, TiO 2 , CaO and CaO/Al 2 O 3 ). FeO total , Al 2 O 3 and Na 2 O concentrations do not correlate with radiogenic isotopes. The Hawaiian data set exhibits correlations that mirror the best correlations between major elements and radiogenic isotope in the global ocean island basalt (OIB) database. We suggest that the mechanism driving the correlations in Hawaii illustrates, in microcosm, a larger global process that generates major element variability in mantle plumes. Like the global arrays, the Hawaiian lavas with radiogenic Pb and SiO 2 ‐poor lavas are sourced by a SiO 2 ‐poor mafic component (pyroxenite) admixed with peridotite, while Hawaiian lavas with unradiogenic Pb and high SiO 2 are sourced by a SiO 2 ‐rich mafic component (eclogite). The variable SiO 2 in the mafic component may result from different degrees of SiO 2 ‐extraction from the slab during subduction.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it