Alternative female kangaroo care for procedural pain in preterm neonates: a pilot study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIM: To determine the feasibility and effect size of kangaroo care (KC) for pain from heel lance in preterm neonates provided by either the infant's mother (MKC) or an unrelated alternate female (AFKC). METHODS: Using a randomized crossover design, preterm neonates (n = 18) between 28 and 37 weeks gestational age within 10 days of life from two university-affiliated level III NICU's undergoing routine heel lance were assigned to receive KC 30 min before and during the procedure from either their mother (MKC) or an unrelated woman. In the second heel lance procedure at least 24 h later but within 10 days, the infants were crossed over to the other condition. RESULTS: There was a 48% participation rate, with only 40 of 82 eligible cases having maternal consent. The main reason for refusal was discomfort with another woman providing kangaroo care. The effect sizes on the pain scores (PIPP) were small, ranging from .23 to .43 across the first 2 min of procedure. CONCLUSION: The difference between nonrelated females and the mother in decreasing pain response is small, although not negligible. Given the high refusal rate, nonrelated females are a less desirable alternative to mothers than fathers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".