Importance of CO<sub>2</sub> evasion from small boreal streams
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Boreal lakes are known to be supersaturated with CO 2 and to be significant sources of CO 2 to the atmosphere. In this study it is shown that small boreal streams are relatively more supersaturated with CO 2 and also represent an important source of CO 2 evasion to the atmosphere from boreal catchments. Small boreal streams account for an annual (ice‐free seasons) average of 8.0% and a seasonal high of 34.4% of the total CO 2 evaded from streams and lakes. A seasonal pattern is found, with evasion from streams being greatest during the summer and least during the spring. The evasion of CO 2 by small boreal streams represents 77% of the total CO 2 and 36% of the total organic carbon and total inorganic carbon exported by the streams from the catchments to the lakes. Knowledge of this important transfer and loss mechanism for CO 2 will allow for more accurate modeling of boreal catchment C budgets.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".