Optical transitions and upconversion properties of Ho3+ doped ZnO−TeO2 glass
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Optical absorption, luminescence spectra and upconversion of both red to green and infrared to green luminescence have been studied for a Ho3+ doped zinc tellurite glass of composition 19ZnO−80TeO2−1Ho2O3. From the absorption data, Judd–Ofelt parameters for the Ho3+ ion are calculated along with the radiative transition rates, branching ratios and radiative lifetimes of the major Ho3+ emitting levels. The upconversion luminescence for both 646 and 754 nm excitation was attributed to a two photon excited state absorption upconversion mechanism that occurs via the I75 level. For an excitation power density of 610 W/cm2 an upconversion efficiency of 1.22% was determined for the case of 646 nm excitation, which is considerably higher than what has been reported in Ho3+ doped fluoride single crystals. Under 754 nm excitation, an upconversion efficiency of 0.27% was observed for a excitation power density of 610 W/cm2, which is reasonably low compared to other Ho3+ doped materials.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".