Glucose enhances long-term declarative memory in mildly head-injured varsity rugby players
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the present investigation, we sought to determine whether glucose could enhance declarative memory in head-injured individuals, as has been shown previously with elderly and Alzheimer’s patients who had preexisting memory impairments. Varsity rugby players, both with and without a history of concussions, were given glucose- or saccharin-sweetened beverages and then tested on a series of neuropsychological tests of attention and memory; their blood-glucose levels were monitored. Beverages and tests were administered in a counterbalanced, crossover design, enabling within-subjects comparisons. Previously concussed participants were found to perform slightly worse than participants with no history of concussions (controls) on the preliminary screening interview tests and tests of memory and divided attention given in the saccharin (placebo) condition. Glucose was shown to enhance performance of the previously concussed participants and impair the performance of controls on tests of long-term declarative memory. The effects of glucose on memory appeared to be related to the participants’ ability to clear glucose from the blood.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".