Solução espectral para modelos bidimensionais da equação linear de Boltzmann
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We measured the relative importance of water and food as sources of the trace elements As, Cd, Co, Cu, Pb, and Zn for larvae of the benthic insect Sialis velata. To achieve this end, we first exposed its prey, the midge Chironomus riparius, to trace elements in a contaminated lake located near a nonferrous metal smelter in northwestern Quebec. Concentrations of five of the six trace elements reached a steady state in prey within one week. When predators were exposed to these contaminated prey, their trace element concentrations increased markedly for all of the trace elements studied. In contrast, exposure of S. velata to contaminated lake water led to no significant increase in their concentrations of five of the six trace elements ([Pb] increased only slightly). Additional treatments in which the predator was exposed to these trace elements in both food and water or in a combination of food and water and sediment did not lead to further increases in its contaminant concentrations beyond those measured in the food-only treatment. We conclude that food (prey) is the almost exclusive source of As, Cd, Co, Cu, and Zn for S. velata and that it is the source of 94% of its Pb. Model curves for trace element accumulation over time by the predator fit our measured data well, and trace element concentrations in food alone are sufficient to model the exchange of these contaminants in this insect.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".