Noctilucent clouds, PMSE and 5‐day planetary waves: A case study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Analysis of global meteorological assimilations between mid‐July and late‐August 2000 shows strong 5‐day planetary waves in the middle atmosphere. Observations of temperature, zonal wind, noctilucent clouds and polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE) near Kiruna, Sweden, all at heights between 80 and 95 km, show variations correlating with the passage of the 5‐day waves. Temperature variations correlated with the 5‐day wave reach 15 K peak‐to‐peak and correspond to modulation of PMSE occurrence by up to 50%. These observations appear to be the first experimental evidence of amplification of 5‐day waves at the summer mesosphere which was predicted theoretically in 1976. A close linear relation is found between mean daily temperature and mean daily occurrence of PMSE. This can be explained if temperature is the primary factor controlling PMSE occurrence and time and height variations within each day between 80 and 90 km altitude reach 30 – 50 K.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".