Heat transfer measurements of a re-entry capsule using fast response thermocouples
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Predicting the heat transfer of a re-entry capsule as it enters the atmosphere is critical to\nthe capsule design. At hypersonic speeds, air temperature in front of a capsule entering\nthe Mars atmosphere is heated to about 1600C by friction between the capsule and the\ngas in the atmosphere. An accurate heat transfer prediction is essential to design the\nheat shield as light as possible so that the scientific payload can be increased.\nThis project aims to investigate the application of fast response thermocouples to the\nmeasurement of heat transfer in the hypersonic flow produced by the gun tunnel, and\nobtaining representative data on selected re-entry capsule geometries for comparison\nwith theory and other experiments.\nE-Type thermocouples are used to calculate temperature change by measuring the\nemf produced by the Seebeck effect. Heat transfer is calculated by assuming one-\ndimensional heat conduction.\nThis project demonstrates that E-type thermocouples can be designed and constructed\nto effectively measure temperature with a response fast enough to effectively calculate\nheat flux during a 20 millisecond gun tunnel run.\n
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".