Small increases in dietary calcium above normal requirements exacerbate magnesium deficiency in rats fed a low magnesium diet
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In North America, the calcium (Ca):magnesium (Mg) intake ratio has increased over the last several decades raising concerns about possible adverse effects of Ca intakes on Mg status. The primary objective of this study was to investigate whether small decreases or increases in dietary Ca from normal requirements worsen Mg status in rats fed a low Mg diet. Weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed 1 of 8 diets for 6 weeks. The 7 test diets were supplemented with low Mg (0.18 g/kg diet) and either 1 (1Ca), 3 (3Ca), 5 (5Ca), 7.5 (7.5Ca), 10 (10Ca), 15 (15Ca) or 20 (20Ca) g Ca/kg diet. The control diet was supplemented with normal Mg (0.5 g/kg) and Ca (5 g/kg). Rats fed higher Ca gained less weight and had lower fat mass and energy efficiency. Compared to rats fed normal Ca (5Ca), Mg concentrations in serum and femur were lower in rats fed the higher Ca diets. Haemoglobin and haematocrit were also lower in rats fed the 15Ca and 20Ca diets. Rats fed the 10Ca, 15Ca and 20Ca diets had higher urine Ca compared to rats fed the 5Ca diet. Increase in urine Ca was associated with a rise in urine Mg. The higher Ca diets increased the Ca:Mg molar ratio in serum, femur, heart and kidney. These results suggest that small increases in dietary Ca exacerbate Mg deficiency in rats fed an inadequate Mg diet by reducing intestinal Mg absorption and also by impairing renal Mg reabsorption at higher Ca intakes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".