Impact of Hidden Collision on primary users' performance in Dynamic Spectrum Access
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) allows Secondary Users (SUs) to access a shared medium when it is in idle state, however, several challenges may be encountered. In this paper, we will focus on the Hidden Collision problem (HC) which occurs when Primary Users (PUs) are using Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) procedure, such as 802.11 protocol, and when SUs are trying to access the medium during the Backoff Window (BW) as they wrongly perceived the medium as available. As a consequence, PUs' performance may be negatively affected. In previous work, we proposed a new model that adresses this HC problem and allows better control of its effect. In this paper, we extend our work and study the effect of HC on PUs' performance in terms of throughput and delays under controlled and uncontrolled HC. Our results show that both throughput and delays decrease with the increase of SU transmission activity. The number of PUs has little effect on their throughput and a more significant impact on their traffic delays.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.016 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".