Trivalent Er and Sm ions in fluorochlorozirconate glasses: optical properties and X‐ray luminescence
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The optical properties and X‐ray luminescence of fluorochlorozirconate glasses and glass‐ceramics with composition 53% ZrF4, 20% NaF, 3% AlF3, 3% LaF3, 1% SmF3, (20‐ x)% BaF2 and x% BaCl2 with x varying from 0% to 19% and doped by the addition of ErCl3 or SmF3 have been investigated. The glasses show absorption and emission bands typical for trivalent Er3+ and Sm3+ ions. The samples doped with Sm showed X‐ray stimulated luminescence while those doped with Er gave no response. The annealing of samples at temperatures 250‐290 °C increases the X‐ray stimulated luminescence while there were no changes in optical absorption and photoluminescence. The observed effects are explained in terms of changes in the host glass and the enhancement of excitation transfer from the glass to embedded Sm3+ ions (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".