A Full Census of Intracluster Light in the Virgo Cluster
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We have begun a new multi-wavelength project to explore the interaction history and evolution of galaxies in clusters. As a cluster hierarchically grows, gravitational and gas dynamical effects (e.g. galaxy-galaxy interactions, harassment, ram pressure stripping, starvation) are capable of removing stars, gas, and dust from galaxies. The intracluster light (ICL) therefore holds a record of the growth history of the cluster. We intend to explore a full mass census of the intracluster light in the central degree of the Virgo cluster by looking at the stars, dust, and gas components. We have recently been awarded Spitzer Warm IRAC 3.6 and 4.5micron data to compare with the published V-band imaging of Mihos et al. 2005. In addition we have discovered the first ever detected ICL feature in the UV with GALEX. This feature is ˜50 kpc long, ˜40 kpc from the interacting galaxy pair NGC4438/4435, and is spatially coincident with a tidal plume detected in deep V -band imaging. The presence of this feature in the UV is extremely surpising because previous optical analyses indicate that IC stars are old, and should therefore be undetected in the FUV. Spectral energy distribution(SED) fitting of the GALEX and optical data of this plume reveal not only a population of young IC stars but also significant amounts of IC dust.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".