Political Elites and the Challenge of Free and Fair Elections in the Nigerian Fourth Republic
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Conducting free, fair and credible elections constitute a major challenge to democratic stability in emerging democracies. This paper with specific focus on the Nigerian state of the fourth republic discusses the impediments to free and fair elections from the perspective of elitist contradiction and manipulation for power acquisition. The paper accentuates that elitist practice as regard the means of power acquisition, the purpose and utilization of political power or the nature of politics as witnessed in the present political dispensation is antithetical to democratic process. The paper further discussed the negative impact of ethnicization which presently manifest inform of zoning, incumbency factor and class interest on political behavior in the Nigerian polity and thus recommends the involvement of the academia and the civil society in enhancing political education as well as the need for informed political participation on the part of the people which is acquired through experience in the exercise over a period of time. Key words: Democracy; Electoral process; Elitist contradiction; Political power; Political representation; Political skill Resume La realisation d'elections libres, justes et credibles constituent defi majeur pour la stabilite democratique dans les democraties emergentes. Ce document avec un accent particulier sur l'etat nigerian de la Quatrieme Republique discuter des obstacles aux elections libres et equitables du point de vue de la contradiction et la manipulation elitiste pour l'acquisition de puissance. Qui accentuent la pratique de ce papier elitiste que les moyens d'acquerir le pouvoir, le but et l'utilisation du pouvoir politique ou le genre de politique, comme en temoigne dans la dispensation actuelle politique antithetique a la democratie est un processus. Le Top du papier suite d’avoir discute de l'impact negatif de l'ethnicisation qui actuellement se manifester informer de facteur de titularisation de zonage, et l'interet de classe sur le comportement politique dans la politique nigeriane et Malthus recommande l'implication du monde universitaire et la societe civile pour renforcer l'education politique ainsi que les Besoin pour la participation politique eclaire sur la main du peuple qui est acquis par l'experience dans l'exercice sur une periode de temps. Mots cles: Democratie; Processus electoral; Contradiction elitiste; Pouvoir politique; Representation politique; Competences politiques
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".