Laccase‐Catalyzed Removal of Diphenylamine from Synthetic Wastewater
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The priority pollutant lists of both the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) and the European Union (EU) include diphenylamine (DPA), a contaminant found in wastewater of various industries. This work demonstrates the potential of using enzymatic treatment to remove DPA from buffered synthetic wastewater. This treatment method includes oxidative polymerization of DPA using laccase from Trametes villosa, followed by removal of those polymers via adsorptive micellar flocculation (AMF) using sodium lauryl sulfate (SDS) and alum. Researchers investigated the effects of pH, laccase concentration, molecular mass, and concentration of polyethylene glycol (PEG) in continuously stirred batch reactors to achieve 95% substrate conversion in three hours. Treatment of 0.19 mM DPA was best at pH 7 and an enzyme concentration from 0.0025 to 0.0075 standard activity unit/mL. Except for PEG400 optimum enzyme and PEG concentrations decreased with an increase in PEG molecular mass. Optimum AMF conditions were pH 3.0 to 6.5, 200 mg/L of SDS, and 150 mg/L of alum.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".