Can CFCs be used to determine anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub>?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
From model simulations of the uptake of CFC‐11, CFC‐12 and anthropogenic CO 2 , we investigate the method of using CFC‐derived water ages to determine the anthropogenic CO 2 accumulation in the ocean. The CFC age method is best suited to water younger than 30 years where CFC water ages are most reliable. For water younger than 30 years, the CFC‐12 and CFC‐11 age method can estimate the global 1980–1990 accumulation of anthropogenic CO 2 to within 10% and 22%, respectively. With the exception of the Southern Ocean south of 50°S and the equatorial upwelling areas, these CFC‐derived estimates of the water column inventory of anthropogenic CO 2 are within 10% of the simulated values. Our results suggest that the CFC age method provides another way of determining the accumulation of anthropogenic CO 2 in the ocean. We applied the CFC age method to observed CFC data to estimate the accumulation of anthropogenic CO 2 in the North Pacific (20°N–65°N) between 1980 and 1990. For water younger than 30 years the CFC‐derived estimate of accumulation is 1.1 Gt C. In comparison, the estimate from the simulated CFC distribution is 1.3 Gt C. Our model simulation overestimated the accumulation north of 40°N and underestimated the penetration of anthropogenic CO 2 into the subtropical gyre. From the observed CFC data we estimate the anthropogenic CO 2 uptake by the North Pacific to be 1.1 Gt C/yr for the 1980s.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".