Gut microbiome in early pediatric multiple sclerosis: a case-control study (P4.027)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE:Alterations in the gut microbiome may be influential in neurological disease. We explored gut microbiome profiles in early pediatric MS and age and sex matched controls. DESIGN/METHODS:Children ≤18 years old attending a University of California, San Francisco pediatric clinic were invited to participate in a genetic and environmental risk factors study (NS071463,PI:Waubant). MS cases were within 2 years of onset. Controls were free from autoimmune disorders (asthma and eczema allowed). Stools were shipped on ice and stored at -80C. The 16S rRNA gene was amplified from extracted DNA and bacterial profiles were generated using the PhyloChip G3 microarray (Second Genome, Inc., CA). Associations between the pediatric characteristics and variation in the bacterial community composition were assessed using nonmetric multidimensional scaling and permutational multivariate analysis of variance with distance matrices. RESULTS:Between Nov/2011-Nov/2013, 20 MS (10 girls, 10 boys) and 16 controls (9 girls, 7 boys) aged 13.2 years (mean; SD=3.84; range 4-18) provided stool samples. Within two months pre-stool collection, 3 children (2 cases, 1 control) were exposed to an antibiotic, 10 (8 cases, 2 controls) to a corticosteroid and 12 to an immuno-modulatory or -suppressant drug (10 cases, 2 controls). All cases met McDonald criteria, had relapsing-remitting MS and a short disease duration (mean=11 months; range 2-24 at stool collection). The median EDSS at enrolment was 2.0 (range 0-4.0). Preliminary microbiome results indicated significant differences in specific bacterial taxa between cases and controls, with enriched tax predominated by Proteobacteria (e.g. Shigella, Escherichia), p<0.001, false discovery rates, q<0.192. Depleted taxa displayed greater heterogeneity, and included Firmicutes (Eubacterium rectale) and Actinobacteria (Corynebacterium) but also higher false discovery rates (all q<0.372 and p<0.044). CONCLUSIONS:Specific taxa were significantly altered in relative abundance in very early onset pediatric MS, with enrichment for microbiota known to be associated with gastrointestinal infectious processes. Study Supported by:NIH(NS071463);NMSS(RG4861A3/1);PI:Waubant
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".