In situ time-resolved X-ray diffraction study of the synthesis of Mo<sub>2</sub>C with different carburization agents
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Toluene, n-heptane, and methane were studied as carbon sources during the synthesis of Mo2C. Ammonium heptamolybdate ((NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O), molybdenum dioxide (MoO2), orthorhombic molybdenum trioxide (α-MoO3), and a low crystallinity molybdenum oxide (MoOx) were employed as metal precursors and their conversion into the carbide phase was followed by time-resolved X-ray diffraction from synchrotron radiation. Thermal treatment was carried out from 298 K up to 1023 K and the evolution of gases analyzed by mass spectrometry. The resulting carbidic phase obtained using methane/H2 was hexagonal β-Mo2C, while in contrast, cubic molybdenum carbide (α-MoC1–x) was obtained when toluene/H2 or n-heptane/H2 were employed, which occurred independently of the original metal precursor. Molybdenum carbide was first detected, on average, at about 923 K. Mass spectrometry results show the formation of CO when methane was used as a carbon source, while methyl radicals and benzene and mainly methyl radicals were detected when toluene and n-heptane were employed, respectively.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".