Déphosphatation d'un rejet de ferme piscicole par filtres extensifs de scories d'aciéries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
RESUME Les activites piscicoles sont a l’origine de certaines alterations et desequilibres des ecosystemes aquatiques. L’eutrophisation des cours d’eaux entrainant une proliferation des cyanobacteries constitue l’une des preoccupations importante au Quebec. Le phosphore qui contribue au developpement des cyanobacteries peut se retrouver a une concentration assez elevee dans les rejets piscicoles. Dans un souci de limiter la degradation des cours d’eau, des exigences de rejets plus severes ont ete imposees par le MDDEP correspondant a une norme de rejet de 4,2 kg P / tonne de poisson produite. Ce rapport presente la conception, construction, la mise en route et les resultats d’operation sur une periode de 261 jours d’une unite pilote de dephosphatation du surnageant du silo de stockage des boues d’une ferme piscicole par lits filtrants aeres et filtres extensifs de scories d’acieries. Le systeme de traitement propose est compose de trois parties filtrantes distinctes comprenant dans un premier temps deux lits filtrants aeres (LFA) satures a ecoulement vertical descendant en paralleles alimentes par batch de 30 L / 4 h chacun et dont le temps de retention est de 2 jours. Ces LFA sont compose principalement de gravier de diametre 10 a 15 mm et ont pour but l’enlevement des matieres organiques et la nitrification. La deuxieme partie de l’unite pilote est composee d’un filtre sacrificiel de scories (FSS) de diametres 20 a 40 mm et dont le TRH est de 3,5 h. Ce filtre a pour objectif l’enlevement des bicarbonates, l’enlevement partiel du phosphore et la prevention du colmatage des colonnes de scories suivantes par l’utilisation de scories plus grandes. La trois partie filtrante est composee de trois lignes en paralleles de deux colonnes de scories (CS) en series permettant l’enlevement du phosphore. Ces colonnes sont a flux vertical ascendant et possedent des scories de diametres 5 a 10 mm. Les trois lignes de CS possedent des TRH differents egaux a 9, 24 et 41 heures. L’ensemble des events des filtres comprenant des scories ont ete relies a un systeme en recirculation fermee afin de minimiser la dissolution de CO2 atmospherique, de prevenir la formation de carbonate de calcium CaCO3 et de permettre a l’eau de circuler.----------ABSTRACT Fish farming activities cause various deteriorations and imbalances in aquatic ecosystems. Eutrophication of rivers leading to a proliferation of cyanobacterias is one of the major issues in Quebec. Phosphorus contributes to the development of those cyanobacterias and can found at relatively high concentrations in fish farm effluents. To limit the degradation of rivers, more stringent requirements of discharge have been imposed by the MDDEP corresponding to a standard of discharge of 4.2 kg P/ m. ton of fish produced. This report presents the design, building, starting and operating results over a period of 261 days of a pilot system for the phosphorus removal from the supernatant of a sludge storage silo from a fish farm by means of forced bed aerated reactors and steel slag extensive filters. The proposed treatment system consists of three distinct parts. The first part consisted of two downward vertical flow parallel forced bed aerated reactors (FBAR). They were fed by batches of 30 L/4h giving a void hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2 days. These FBAR were composed mainly of gravel (10 to 15 mm diameter) and were intended to remove organic matter and to nitrify. The second part consisted of a sacrificial slag filter (SSF) with slag media ranging from 20 to 40 mm in diameter with a void HRT of 3.5 h. This function of this filter was to remove inorganic carbon, phosphorus in part and to prevent clogging of the following slag columns (SC). The third part consisted of three parallel series of two steel slag upflow columns for phosphorus removal. The slag media ranged from 5 to 10 mm in diameter. The three lines of SC had different void HRT of 9, 24 and 41 hours. All vents from filters containing slag were connected to an air barrel with only one air output via a swan nest filled with oil to minimize the dissolution of atmospheric CO2 to minimize the formation of calcium carbonate that could have prevented the water flow.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".