A Multivariate Morphometric Analysis of the<i>Solidago chilensis</i>Group in South America and Related Taxa in North America (Asteraceae, Astereae)<sup>1</sup>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A multivariate morphometric study of Solidago L. in South America was undertaken to assess the numbers and ranks of taxa that could be usefully recognized. The results of stepwise discriminant, classificatory, and canonical analyses on a matrix of 50 traits of 160 specimens indicated the distinctiveness of the S. chilensis group of taxa from three morphologically similar North American species of the large Solidago subsect. Triplinerviae (Torr. & A. Gray) G. L. Nesom: S. juliae G. L. Nesom, S. leavenworthii Torr. & A. Gray, and S. tortifolia Elliott. Within the South American complex two species with predominantly allopatric distributions were statistically supported: S. chilensis Meyen and S. microglossa DC. were distinguished a priori on stem hair length. The cytogeography of the two species was investigated and all samples were diploid, 2n = 18; S. chilensis (20 individuals from Argentina and one from Chile) and S. microglossa (six individuals from Argentina). Also, two other species of Solidago in South America that are not members of subsection Triplinerivae were found to have been misidentified as members of the S. chilensis complex; European S. virgaurea L. is a member of Solidago subsect. Solidago and native S. argentinensis Lopez Laphitz & Semple is a member of Solidago subsect. Junceae (Rydb.) G. L. Nesom. The name S. chilensis is neotypified.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".