AN UPDATE ON REVENUE SERVICE TESTS OF BAINITIC STEEL RAIL CROSSING DIAMONDS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The second year of testing bainitic steel rail crossing diamonds shows that they continue to perform well. Three are still in service at spots maintained by Canadian National/Illinois Central and Union Pacific. Reduced running surface deformation and less maintenance are reported. They are also projected to enjoy a longer service life, perhaps as much as 2 to 3 times as long as pearlitic rail diamonds. With railroads spending more than $250 million each year on repairs on these types of tracks, any advances could result in significant savings. All three are located on level open ground and are on mainlines in the Midwest. They have high crossing angles and were chosen for their severe service demands. Other elements being tested are standard AREMA versus thick-web running rail sections; whether traffic is main or crossing line, and traffic rates of 40 versus 110 mgt/yr. The bainitic steel used in the test sections is code named J6, a medium carbon bainitic microstructure steel developed by AAR. It has a surface hardness of 410 BHN and an internal hardness of 430 BHN. It has a fracture toughness three to five times as great as conventional rail steel at room temperature. It has proven to be durable for crossing diamonds in heavy axle load testing, though tests at more realistic sites are needed for this particular component.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".