Simulations of fully coupled lake‐groundwater exchange in a subhumid climate with an integrated hydrologic model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A fully coupled, integrated surface water/groundwater model was used to study hydrologic controls on lake‐groundwater interaction in the subhumid, Boreal Plains of northern Alberta, Canada. Findings from a previous water budget study indicate that lakes on the outwash landscape capture groundwater as a major source of water input and function as evaporation windows. Transient hydrologic responses of a flow‐through style lake and outwash groundwater flow system were simulated for a three‐dimensional model. Hydraulic heads, surface water depth, and the corresponding exchange fluxes between the surface and the subsurface were all simulated simultaneously and compared to field observations for the summers of 2002 and 2003. Replication of the transient flow regime required an anisotropy ratio of 10:1 for the outwash deposits and inclusion of riparian peatlands, which control lake‐groundwater interaction and maintain surface water on permeable northern landscapes. Spatially and temporally variable evapotranspiration governed the water table configuration and lake‐groundwater seepage patterns.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".