ENVIRONMENTAL FATE OF THREE NOVEL BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS IN AQUATIC MESOCOSMS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Currently, little is known about the environmental fate and persistence of novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs). The recent detection of NBFRs in sediment cores and air samples provides insight into their persistence and potential for transport. Limited numbers of laboratory studies have examined the fate and behavior of these compounds, but field-based fate studies have been especially lacking. The authors conducted an aquatic mesocosm experiment to assess the behavior of three NBFRs: bis(tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE), tetrabromobisphenol A bis(2,3-dibromopropyl ether; TBBPA-DBPE), and Firemaster BZ-54, a commercial mixture containing bis(2-ethylhexyl)tetrabromophthalate (BEHTBP) and 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (EHTeBB) in a ratio of 1:4. Analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, operated in the electron capture negative ionization mode, revealed partitioning between the particulate and sediment phases, with BTBPE, TBBPA-DBPE, and BEHTBP identified as being environmentally persistent in both the particulate and the sediment compartments. The median dissipation times (DT50) differed in each compartment, with more rapid disappearance in the particulate (9-30 d) compared with the sediment compartment (>100 d) for each compound. The degradation products were more concentrated in the particulate compartment and corresponded to known photodegradation products. The ratio of EHTeBB to BEHTBP differed in the mesocosm compartments compared with the technical product used for treatment, indicating increased degradation of EHTeBB relative to BETHBP.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".