Reactivity of solids from the black hole of pre-electronic literature to success in heterogeneous catalysis: the remote control concept
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This focussed review is an update concerning highly active surface species moving between different solids (the 'spillover' phenomenon). Initially, this specifically concerned the reactivity of solids (e.g. nucleus formation in the reduction of oxides to metals). More surprising and more important have been consequences concerning heterogeneous catalysis. Spillover hydrogen, H-so, and spillover oxygen, O-so, create active sites during catalytic processes. This leads to modifications of activity and selectivity in the treatment of petroleum fractions and in the selective oxidation of hydrocarbons in petrochemistry (by H-so, or O-so, respectively). For example, in hydrodesulfurization, H-so from a physically separated catalyst bed increases the activity of MoS2. O-so leads to a reconstruction of the surface of MoO3 and higher selectivity in oxidation. This opens completely new perspectives for the fundamental understanding of catalysis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".