Reactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts after exposure to polychromatic UV light
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIMS: In this study, we determined the ability of a promising alternative UV technology--a polychromatic emission from a medium-pressure UV (MP UV) technology--to inhibit the reactivation of UV-irradiated Giardia lamblia cysts. METHODS AND RESULTS: A UV-collimated beam apparatus was used to expose shallow suspensions of purified G. lamblia cysts in PBS (pH 7.2) or filtered drinking water to a low dose (1 mJ cm(-2)) of MP UV irradiation. After UV irradiation, samples were exposed to two repair conditions (light or dark) and two temperature conditions (25 °C or 37 °C for 2-4 h). The inactivation of G. lamblia cysts by MP UV was very extensive, and c. 3 log(10) inactivation was achieved with a dose of 1 mJ cm(-2) . Meanwhile, there was no apparent reactivation (neither in vivo nor in vitro) of UV-irradiated G. lamblia under the conditions tested. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicated that, unlike the traditional low-pressure (LP) UV technology, an alternative UV technology (MP UV) could inhibit the reactivation of UV-irradiated G. lamblia cysts even when the cysts were exposed to low UV doses. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: It appears that alternative UV technology has some advantages over the traditional LP UV technology in drinking water disinfection because of their high level of inactivation against G. lamblia cysts and also effective inhibition of reactivation in UV-irradiated G. lamblia cysts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".