Density and Survival of Lady Beetles (Coccinellidae) in Overwintering Sites in Manitoba
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The densities of lady beetles, Coccinellidae, overwintering as adults (adults per m2) in leaf litter collected in late October for two years in a beach-ridge forest on the south shore of Lake Manitoba were 56.4 for the Thirteen-spotted Lady Beetle, Hippodamia tredecimpunctata (Say), 38.3 for the Seven-spotted Lady Beetle, Coccinella septempunctata (L.), 7.7 for the Transverse Lady Beetle, Coccinella transversoguttata richardsonii Brown, 1.6 for the Convergent Lady Beetle, Hippodamia convergens Guerin, and 0.6 for the Parenthesis Lady Beetle, Hippodamia parenthesis (Say). The mean overwintering survival for these species was 0.254, 0.036, 0.023, 0.0, and 0.0, respectively. The density of overwintering coccinellids was highest near the margins of the forest, particularly on the beach side, where beetles from shore appear to have entered the forest. The mean density over 3 years (2.9 per m2) of all coccinellid species in November in the litter under a remnant grove of riverbank forest in Winnipeg, was lower than in the beach-ridge forest (104.8 per m2), but their survival (0.460) was higher than in the beach-ridge forest (0.154). More species of coccinellids were found in the samples from the riverbank forest than from the beach-ridge forest.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".