Bibliographic record
Abstract
In July 2012 the European Parliament defeated the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA). Supposedly the attempt to impose global norms on intellectual property rights and thereby restrict digital copyright was dead. Or was it? This paper argues that the spirit of ACTA may live on in a host of other trade agreements currently being negotiated. That is, ACTA, or even more restrictive versions of it, could be imposed through the back door at least upon weaker states through bilateral agreements with the United States and the European Union. The result could be a spaghetti bowl of rules on digital copyright with some countries enjoying more digital rights, online freedom, and privacy than others. En juillet 2012, le parlement européen rejetait l'Accord commercial anti-contrefaçon (ACAC). Ainsi prenait fin supposément la tentative d'imposer des normes mondiales sur les droits de propriété intellectuelle et de restreindre les droits d'auteur en milieu numérique. C'est du moins ce que l’on croyait. Cet essai soutient que l'esprit de l'ACAC est peut-être encore vivant dans une gamme d'autres accords commerciaux en cours de négociations. C'est-à-dire que l'ACAC ou des versions encore plus restrictives pourraient être imposées en catimini, du moins à des états plus faibles, par l'entremise d'accords bilatéraux avec les États-Unis et l'Union européenne. Le résultat pourrait être un enchevêtrement de règles sur les droits d’auteur en milieu numérique alors que certains pays pourraient profiter plus que d’autres de droits numériques et de liberté et de confidentialité en ligne.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.014 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.014 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.017 | 0.014 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.007 | 0.009 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.014 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".