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Record W1739786774

Developing Countries and the Jurisprudence of the WTO

2012· article· en· W1739786774 on OpenAlex
Kusha Haraksingh

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

venuePublished in a venue whose home country is Canada.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueCaribbean dialogue · 2012
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicWorld Trade Organization Law
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsApprehensionJurisprudenceNegotiationDeveloping countryLaw and economicsInternational tradeDifferential treatmentPosition (finance)WelfareGoods and servicesPreferenceDumpingEconomicsPolitical scienceInternational economicsLawEconomic growthEconomyFinance
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Developing countries have a particularly hard time ahead in the negotiating agenda on the reform of international trade. In a sense they are committed to fight against the tide of free trade and the principles enshrined therein: most favored nation status, which means that the most favorable terms given to any party must be extended to all, and the rule on national treatment, which means that the concessions extended to locally produced goods and services must be extended to foreign counterparts. The apprehension that the undiluted application of these principles is a road to disaster has strengthened the search for exceptions; the danger is that this can put developing countries on the defensive, as can be gleaned from the very name of the exceptions: Special and Differential Treatment, Preference, Waivers. Thus, they may find themselves in the position of always having to make the case, or worse, of seeming eccentric, even perverse, especially in the light of the view that the application of free trade principles will increase aggregate welfare. How the jurisprudence of the WTO will develop as the issues become more and more technical, for example in the calculation of dumping margins, or injury, or in SPS cases, over the appropriate scientific evidence, is anybody's guess.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.910
Threshold uncertainty score0.493

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0010.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.018
GPT teacher head0.270
Teacher spread0.252 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it