Numerical Study of the Effects of Oxygen Concentration and Fuel Jet Velocity on Thermal Radiation in Methane and Propane Turbulent Diffusion Flames
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Thermal radiation is an important mode in combustion and plays a key role in improving energy efficiency and reducing the formation of pollutants in industrial combustion systems. This paper describes the effects of oxygen concentration and fuel (methane and propane) jet velocity on thermal radiation in turbulent diffusion flames via numerical evaluation, using a detailed gas‐phase reaction mechanism consisting of 36 species and 219 elementary reactions with the discrete ordinates method. The predictions show close agreement with the experimental results in literature. Specifically, the radiative heat transfer flux and radiation fraction of propane flames were larger than those of methane flames at the same input power because of the increased soot yield in propane flames. In both methane and propane flames, thermal radiation generally increased with oxygen concentration, while at higher oxygen concentrations the degree of radiation increase was lower. Because of the promotion of soot oxidation at higher fuel velocities, the radiant fractions were lower than at lower fuel velocities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".