Ballast and unballast operations in oil tankers: planktonic organisms that can travel with the ballast water
Bibliographic record
Abstract
At the beginning of the 20th century, the presence of non autochthonous species in ballast water was admitted. However, it was not until the decade of the 70s that it was considered a problem, for more non autochthonous species all over the world were introduced and watched during the decade of 80s. Canada and Australia, two of the countries which suffered from this kind of problem, exposed their worries to the Marine Environment Protection Commitee (MEPC) at the end of that decade. In February 2004 the IMO adopted the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments, which would be compulsory to fulfilling the approved standards between 2009 and 2016. Such standards comprise the year of construction of dead weight tank ship and the capacity of their ballast tanks. Between July and December 2002, tests were carried out in an oceanic station (28° 30 N and 16° 06 W), with vertical tows of 50 meters long until surface, to register taxons present of the mesozooplanktonic community. The findings show average values of 313.06 density ind./m3. With regard to the percentage composition by taxonomic groups and for the same bathymetry, it stands out the community of copepods with an average value of 64.33%, followed by eggs of invertebrates and fish (18.32%), and appendicularians (5.86%). On the other hand, the remaining groups under study did not surpass the 2% of stocking.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".