The Association between Sleep‐Disordered Breathing and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in a Pediatric Cohort with Chiari 1 Malformation
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) reported in the literature for Chiari malformation type 1 (CM1) is uniformly high (24% to 70%). In Canada, there is limited access to pediatric polysomnography (PSG). Therefore, the identification of clinical features would be invaluable for triaging these children. OBJECTIVE: To identify demographic features, clinical symptoms/signs and radiological findings associated with SDB in a large pediatric cohort with CM1. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted on children with CM1 who underwent baseline PSG. Data were collected on patient demographics (age, sex, weight, height, body mass index), clinical symptoms (chart review and clinical questionnaires), diagnostic imaging of the brain and cervicothoracic spine, and medical history at the time of referral. RESULTS: A total of 68 children were included in the review. The mean (± SD) age of the children at the time of PSG was 7.33 ± 4.01 years; 56% (n=38) were male. There was a 49% prevalence of SDB in this cohort based on the overall apnea-hypopnea index. Obstructive sleep apnea was the predominant type of SDB. Tonsillar herniation was significantly correlated with obstructive apnea-hypopnea index (r=0.24; P=0.036). CONCLUSIONS: A direct relationship between the degree of cerebellar tonsillar herniation and obstructive sleep apnea was demonstrated. However, further prospective studies that include neurophysiological assessment are needed to further translate the central nervous system imaging findings to predict the presence of SDB.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it