Mothers' parenting style and preschoolers' social behaviour in Japan and Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The relations among mothers' goals for their children's social behaviour, their parenting style and children's social behaviour were examined in Canada and Japan, two countries that differ with respect to individualist/collectivist cultural models. Seventy-four Canadian and Japanese mothers of children between the ages of three and six years old completed questionnaires about their allocentricism (collectivism) in family relationships, their preferences for their children's interdependent and independent social behaviours, the directiveness and explicitness of their parenting style, and their preschool child's social strengths and weaknesses. It was predicted that Canadian mothers, consistent with an individualistic model, would show a preference for children's independent social behaviour, and therefore use a more directive and explicit style of interacting with their preschool child, whereas Japanese mothers, consistent with a collectivistic model, would show a preference for children's interdependent social behaviour, and therefore be more permissive and inductive in their parenting style. It was further expected that mothers' parenting styles would be related to ratings of children's behaviour, with a directive and explicit style being associated with children's social autonomy (i.e., social initiation, social independence, and externalizing symptoms), and a permissive and inductive style being associated with children's social interdependence (i.e., social cooperation and internalizing symptoms). Results supported the hypotheses for cross-cultural differences in mothers' allocentricism, parenting styles, and some preferences for social behaviour. However, mothers' parenting styles were not related to particular preferences for children's behaviour, nor to ratings of their children's actual social behaviour. Moreover, mothers' personal models of individualism/collectivism were not associated with parenting ideas or behaviours. Taken together, these results support existing research regarding parenting styles in individualistic or collectivistic cultures. However, little evidence was found to suggest that these differences are associated with attempts to socialize children specifically towards independence or interdependence. Instead, these differences may represent different ways of socializing children towards a broader social competence in both contexts. Implications for research and clinical applications were discussed. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 65-07, Section: B, page: 3746. Adviser: Julie Hakim-Larson. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 2004.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".