The Involvement of Forest Co-Operatives in the Economic and Social Development of Quebec's Peripheral regions/Les Cooperatives Forestieres Dans le Developpement Economique et Social Des Regions Peripherique
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Given that the economic and social spheres are increasingly being pitted against each other in modern societies, it has become imperative to evaluate the social impact of regional development strategies with the use of precise indicators. Forest co-operatives in Quebec represent a regional development strategy because they are considered a response of forest communities to economic insertion and to economic innovation. By using an novel approach centred on quantitative methods, this article measures social cohesion generated by Quebec forest co-operatives within their community, according to their level of economic innovation. This article is divided into four major parts. The first explores the relation between social cohesion and economic innovation. Our methodological approach enabled us to create an average index of social cohesion according to the economic level of innovation of our sample forest co-operatives. The average indices of social cohesion reveal that the more innovative forest co-operatives generate greater social cohesion than traditional co-operatives. This leads us to reassess the apparent contrast between the economic and social spheres within a regional development dynamic. The second part identifies the social cohesion dimensions commonly shared by Quebec forest co-operatives according to innovation level or category. The interest of our statistical approach comes from its capability to define the nature or aspects of social cohesion observed among Quebec forest co-operatives according to their innovation level. We identified seven social cohesion dimensions commonly shared by all different innovation categories: the legitimacy of co-operative governance authorities, the strategic participation of members within their co-operative, the usual participation of members within their co-operative, equity among members relating to economic insertion, the insertion of members within the co-operative, and the mutual involvement of the co-operative and the community in community development. The third part of our research shows which social cohesion dimensions characterize each innovation category. Finally, the fourth part measures the impact of each social cohesion dimension on the forest co-operatives' capacity to innovate. To this end, it appears that the members' capacity to be substantially involved, or to take an active role in the co-operative, particularly through committees and decisional and administrative authorities, constitutes a significant variable influencing forest co-operatives' capacity to innovate. The strategic participation of members within their co-operative shows greater involvement in key functions. Thus, with respect to the definition and direction of their common business organization, members in more innovative co-operatives play a more active role than members in traditional co-operatives. Concerning this last point, an ordinal regression analysis illustrates that the strategic participation of members within their co-operative has the greater impact on the capacity to innovate. This variable sets apart the more innovative forest co-operatives. Dans un contexte ou il est admis que l'economique et le social s'opposent de plus en plus dans nos societes, il devient imperatif d'evaluer l'impact social des strategies de developpement regional a l'aide d'indicateurs precis. Les cooperatives forestieres du Quebec sont une strategie du developpement regional puisqu'elles constituent une reponse des communautes forestieres quant a leur insertion economique et, surtout, parce qu'elles tentent de plus que jamais d'innover economiquement. A l'aide d'une approche novatrice axee sur les methodes quantitatives, cet article tente de mesurer la cohesion sociale que les cooperatives forestieres du Quebec reussissent a generer dans leur communaute selon leur niveau d'innovation economique. ********** Ce texte s'inscrit dans un projet de recherche sur les cooperatives forestieres du Quebec dans leur relation avec l'innovation economique et la cohesion sociale. …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".