Characterisation of operational amplifier performance as a function of total ionising dose at both room and cryogenic operating temperatures for space applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Commercial off the shelf operational amplifiers based on junction field-effect transistors and bipolar transistors were tested under gamma radiation at both room temperature and 77 K in parallel to determine their suitability for space applications. The irradiation while under cryogenic conditions simulates the environment that these devices would experience on small planetary missions where environmental control is not possible due to lack of energy generation capacity. The performance characteristics studied were: offset voltage, total harmonic distortion, change in open loop gain, and noise voltage. A single amplifier remained in specification through 100 krad(Si) and at 77 K. Differences in radiation tolerance were found between room temperature and cryogenic operation for the operational amplifiers under test. In some cases, the best performance was obtained at low temperatures while for others it was obtained at room temperature. The results highlight the need to perform these tests under operational conditions when extreme environment operation is required.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".