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Record W1766625536

Business Strategy of Climate Change: Empirical Study of the Steel Industry Sector

2008· article· en· W1766625536 on OpenAlex
Masachika Suzuki

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueRePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam) · 2008
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEconomics, Econometrics and Finance
TopicClimate Change Policy and Economics
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsKyoto ProtocolGreenhouse gasClimate changePer capitaGlobal warmingDamagesMontreal ProtocolEuropean unionNatural resource economicsDeveloping countryInternational tradeBusinessEnvironmental protectionEconomic policyEconomicsEnvironmental sciencePolitical scienceEconomic growthGeographyPopulationMeteorology
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

There is a broad scientific consensus that our plant is warming and that post industrial revolution human activities are contributing significantly to the process. If global warming continues at the present and projected pace, it will cause significant damages to the global eco-system upon which humans are dependent. There is also a consensus that in order to limit the temperature rise to 2 degrees Celsius and prevent risky anthropogenic interference with the climate system, it is critical to stabilize carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration at no more than 550 parts per million (ppm). \n\nThe latest report published by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 2007 calls for the developed countries to reduce their CO2 emissions 60% by 2050 relative to the present level and for the developing countries to control their emissions starting around 2030.\n\nAs the first tangible step to cope with global climate changes, countries adopted the UN brokered, ‘Kyoto Protocol,’ that was developed in 1997. Under the Protocol, the European Union (EU) and Japan established targets to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 8% and 6% respectively between 2008 and 2012 relative to 1990. The developing countries including China, Brazil and India ratified the Protocol without specific emission reduction targets. Two countries with the highest CO2 emission releases per capita, the United States and Australia did not ratify the Protocol (In December 2007, however, Australia ratified the Protocol as soon as Rudd was elected as the prime minister). Intensive discussion has begun among policymakers and policy-minded social scientists with regard to how to include these countries in the post Kyoto regime. At Conference of the Parties (COP) 13 which took place in Bali, Indonesia in December 2007, the negotiators attempted to agree on the schedule for the discussion of the post Kyoto regime. As we know, the Kyoto Protocol is only the starting point of the forthcoming marathon-like multilateral negotiations.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.009
Threshold uncertainty score0.769

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.179
GPT teacher head0.260
Teacher spread0.081 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it