Contribution of the vagus nerve and lamina terminalis to brain activation induced by refeeding
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Following refeeding, c-fos expression is induced in a particular set of brain regions that include the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), parabrachial nucleus (PB), central amygdala (CeA), paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH), supraoptic nucleus (SON) and the circumventricular organs. Within the PVH, the expression is particularly intense in the magnocellular division of the nucleus and it is as yet not clear how this activation occurs. The respective contribution of the vagus afferents and lamina terminalis, which conveys signals entering the brain through the forebrain circumventricular organs, has been investigated in rats subjected to a unilateral cervical vagotomy (UCV) or a unilateral lesion of the fibres running within the lamina terminalis (ULT) and projecting to the neuroendocrine hypothalamus. UCV significantly decreased postprandial c-fos expression in the NTS, PB, CeA and parvocellular division of the PVH. In contrast, ULT impaired postprandial activation of the magnocellular neurons in the PVH and SON. The present study also characterized the types of neurons activated in the PVH and SON during refeeding. In the magnocellular regions, arginine-vasopressin (AVP) neurons were activated upon refeeding whereas there was no apparent induction of Fos expression in oxytocin cells. In the parvocellular PVH, postprandial Fos was induced only in 30% of the corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) and AVP neurons. The results of the present study suggest that the postprandial activation of the brain requires the integrity of both the vagal- and lamina terminalis-associated pathways.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".