Displacement or Complementary Effect?: An Assessment of Traditional and New Media Use Patterns among Elites in South-East Nigeria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the face of the ongoing debates and discourses concerning the displacement and replacement effect of the new media on traditional media, this study analyzes the media consumption pattern among elites in South-East Nigeria under the framework of the Uses and Gratification approach, to determine if any similarities as observed in developed countries of the world will prevail in Nigeria. Survey research method was used with a sample of 478 elites drawn from government secretariats located in capitals of the five select states in South-east Nigeria. Findings show that respondents still largely utilize the traditional media for gratifying their various needs as opposed to the findings in other parts of the globe that suggest a seeming displacement and replacement effect of the traditional media by the new media. In the face of the displacement effect argument for developing countries such as Nigeria where the new media is still an evolving phenomenon, we therefore, conclude by projecting a rather complementary effect view based on the evidence that elites use and perceive the new media as an extension of the old media.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".