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Liberty, Equality, Fraternity

2014· article· en· W1784548412 on OpenAlex
Nancy Bouchard, Étienne Charbonneau

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueAdministrative Theory & Praxis · 2014
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicWeber, Simmel, Sociological Theory
Canadian institutionsÉcole Nationale d'Administration Publique
Fundersnot available
KeywordsFraternityPolitical sciencePublic administrationSociologyLaw and economicsTheologyLawPhilosophy

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The unusual triad of unlike concepts that makes up the French motto “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity” reveals a set of rights that is carried by an obligation. Fraternity is a vessel: if citizens do not act as siblings, they cannot move toward “the full freedom of each bounded only by the equal freedom of every other,” nor the equal right “to the use and enjoyment of all natural opportunities” (George, 1881/1898, p. 86). But this metaphor contains an inherent contradiction if a united, democratic community is to be its ultimate end, much as Catlaw (2007) remarked about the concept “We the people” (pp. 264–265). Indeed, siblings, or We, share traditions and histories; to not share in these institutions is to be the Other (pp. 264–265). Fraternity, therefore—unlike its sister concept, solidarity, which seeks to unite groups that otherwise would not be united—evokes a divided society, where citizens either belong to a “band of brothers,” or they do not. The French motto has nevertheless endured the test of time, reflecting the power of the ideal it represents: a unified citizenry moving toward what Aristotle called the good life (Stanisevski, 2014, p. 111). In this short essay, we suggest that public interest as the final destination of a vessel called “the Public” (Dewey, 1927/1991, p. 35) is also problematic. Although the Public is constituted of multiple publics, public interest scholars like Bozeman (2007) and Dewey (1927/1991) assume that the process of amalgamating them into a single unit occurs more or less naturally, through public debate informed by scientific evidence. Yet this united public, like fraternity or We the people, has never described the natural state of affairs in human society. Hobbes’s solution to the perpetual state of “war of every man against every man”—the war of the first brothers of Western literature—was Leviathan (1651/1996, p. 136). But this mistaken premise does not, in itself, constitute a problem. Public administration scholars may find the Aristotelian ideal appealing (Waldo, 1948, pp. 65–75), but waiting on the Public to materialize, or taking a political authority’s capacity to articulate the will of a We as a given, only makes it that much more difficult to attain.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.008
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.004
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: Theoretical or conceptual
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.638
Threshold uncertainty score0.999

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0080.004
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0010.003
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0040.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.085
GPT teacher head0.398
Teacher spread0.313 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it