Bibliographic record
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the second most common infectious presentations in community practice. Over 90% of UTIs are due to a single species. Escherichia coli alone accounts for 80% to 90% of UTIs. In young, healthy women, Staphylococcus saprophyticus accounts for approximately 5% to 15% of cases of uncomplicated cystitis, but is rarely associated with pyelonephritis or complicated infections. Other gram-negative species comprise the majority of the remaining causes of UTIs. Because initial antimicrobial therapy for UTIs is generally empiric, it is important to account for local susceptibility trends when selecting an antimicrobial agent. In Canada, resistance among community-acquired (as opposed to nosocomial or hospital-acquired) isolates of E. coli varies depending on the antimicrobial agent being tested. Ampicillin has the lowest activity against community-acquired E.coli isolates, with resistance rates ranging from 23% to 41%. Trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) resistance rates range from 8.4% to 19.2%, while the resistance to the fluoroquinolone ciprofloxacin has remained at 0% to 1.8% since its introduction over 10 years ago. Current studies suggest that there are no regional differences in resistance rates among community-acquired urinary tract pathogens across Canada.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".