Optimal Biomaterial for Creation of Autologous Cardiac Grafts
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The optimal cardiac graft for the repair of congenital heart defects will be composed of autologous cells and will grow with the child. The biodegradable material should permit rapid cellular growth and delayed degradation with minimal inflammation. We compared a new material, epsilon-caprolactone-co-L-lactide sponge reinforced with knitted poly-L-lactide fabric (PCLA), to gelatin (GEL) and polyglycolic acid (PGA), which are previously evaluated materials. METHODS: Syngenic rat aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs, 2x10(6)) were seeded onto GEL, PGA, and PCLA patches and cultured (n=11 per group). The DNA content in each patch was measured at 1, 2, and 3 weeks after seeding. Histological examination was performed 2 weeks after seeding. Cell-seeded patches were employed to replace a surgically created defect in the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) of rats (n=5 per group). Histology was studied at 8 weeks following implantation. RESULTS: In vitro studies showed that the DNA content increased significantly (P<0.05) in all patches between 1 and 3 weeks after seeding. Histology and staining SMCs for anti-alpha-smooth muscle actin (alphaSMA) revealed better growth of cells in the interstices of the grafts with GEL and PCLA than the PGA graft. In vivo studies demonstrated that seeded SMCs survived at least 8 weeks after the patch implantation in all groups. PCLA scaffolds were replaced by more cells with larger alphaSMA-positive areas and by more extracellular matrix with larger elastin-positive areas than with GEL and PGA. The patch did not thin and expanded significantly. The GEL and PGA patches thinned and expanded. All grafts had complete endothelialization on the endocardial surface. CONCLUSIONS: SMC-seeded biodegradable materials can be employed to repair the RVOT. The novel PCLA patches permitted better cellular penetration in vitro and did not thin or dilate in vivo and did not produce an inflammatory response. The cell-seeded PCLA patch may permit the construction of an autologous patch to repair congenital heart defects.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".